Acquisition, holding, management and disposal of participations in other companies; acquisition, encumbrance, disposal and management of real estate; financing and provision of guarantees and sureties for subsidiaries and third parties; the company may grant loans to its direct or indirect shareholders or other companies of the Villiger Group and provide collateral of any kind for their liabilities to third parties, including by pledging or assigning its own assets or guarantees of any kind, even if such loans or collateral are in the exclusive interest of its direct or indirect shareholders or other Group companies and are granted free of charge.