Participation in financial and commercial enterprises, both national and international; the purchase, sale, and leasing of machinery for industrial and craft manufacturing, precious metals, and raw materials; any activity in the field of intellectual property, with particular reference to patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and know-how; the acquisition and granting of licenses of all kinds and franchising activities; the purchase, sale, and management of industrial, commercial, and business real estate; the provision of financing and guarantees to subsidiaries and, more generally, the performance of any commercial and financial operations deemed useful to achieve or favor, directly or indirectly, the corporate purpose, including the establishment of branches or subsidiaries both in Switzerland and abroad.